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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Simulation

Background:

  • Collective quantum dynamics in non-equilibrium systems are crucial for understanding exotic quantum phases, high-energy processes, and quantum technologies.
  • Quantum fluctuations significantly influence these dynamics, posing a major challenge in quantum science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate collective dynamics across a (2+1)-dimensional Ising quantum phase transition.
  • To understand the mechanisms driving domain coarsening and order parameter oscillations post-transition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a programmable quantum simulator with Rydberg atom arrays.
  • Experimentally crossed a quantum critical point and observed the subsequent dynamics.
  • Deterministically prepared and tracked the evolution of ordered domains.

Main Results:

  • Observed gradual growth of correlations via coarsening of antiferromagnetic domains after crossing the quantum critical point.
  • Demonstrated that domain boundary curvature drives coarsening, with dynamics accelerating closer to the critical point.
  • Detected long-lived oscillations of the order parameter, identified as an amplitude (Higgs) mode.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides insights into emergent collective dynamics in strongly correlated quantum systems.
  • Experimental observations illuminate non-equilibrium quantum processes and quantum phase transitions.
  • Rydberg atom quantum simulators are effective tools for studying complex quantum phenomena.