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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
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The vagal rhizopathies.

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  • 1Professor and Head, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

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Summary

Neurovascular compression of the vagus nerve can cause treatable conditions like hemi-laryngopharyngeal spasm and neurogenic cough. Microvascular decompression offers a cure for these symptoms caused by blood vessel pressure on the nerve.

Keywords:
VANCOUVER syndromehemi-laryngopharyngeal spasmmicrovascular decompressionneurogenic coughvagal neuralgiavagal rhizopathyvagus nerve (CN X)

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Cranial Nerve Disorders

Background:

  • Neurovascular compression of the vagus nerve (tenth cranial nerve) can lead to distinct clinical syndromes.
  • The vagus nerve comprises motor, sensory, and autonomic components, each susceptible to compression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the clinical features of vagus nerve compression syndromes.
  • To detail diagnostic protocols and neurosurgical treatments for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical characteristics of vagus nerve compression.
  • Description of diagnostic workup and microvascular decompression (MVD) surgical techniques.

Main Results:

  • Vagus nerve compression can cause hemi-laryngopharyngeal spasm (HELPS syndrome) via motor component compression.
  • Compression of the sensory component leads to Vagus Associated Neurogenic Cough Occurring due to Unilateral Vascular Compression of its Root (VANCOUVER syndrome).
  • Both HELPS and VANCOUVER syndromes are treatable with MVD.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgery due to common symptoms like cough and choking.
  • Understanding surgical nuances is vital due to the vagus nerve's sensitivity during MVD.