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Related Experiment Video

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Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment
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Microclimate temperature effects propagate across scales in forest ecosystems.

Kristin H Braziunas1,2, Werner Rammer1, Pieter De Frenne3

  • 1Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Group, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.

Landscape Ecology
|February 6, 2025
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Summary

Forest microclimate buffering significantly impacts long-term forest dynamics and ecosystem processes. Including temperature buffering in models enhances carbon storage and alters species composition, showing its landscape-scale importance.

Keywords:
Climate regulationEuropean AlpsForest landscape model developmentMicroclimateProcess-based modelsTemperate mountain forests

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Area of Science:

  • Forest Ecology
  • Climate Modeling
  • Ecosystem Dynamics

Background:

  • Forest canopies critically influence subcanopy environments, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem functions.
  • Empirical microclimate research is often limited to local scales and short durations, hindering understanding of long-term forest dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement the first dynamic forest landscape model incorporating microclimate temperature buffering.
  • To investigate the effects of microclimate temperature buffering on simulated forest dynamics and ecosystem outcomes at landscape scales.

Main Methods:

  • Adapted the iLand individual-based forest landscape model to integrate microclimate temperature effects on decomposition, bark beetle development, and seedling establishment.
  • Simulated forest dynamics with and without microclimate buffering in a European mountain landscape under historical climate and disturbance regimes.

Main Results:

  • Microclimate buffering effects scaled from local to landscape levels, increasing average total carbon by 2% and cumulative net ecosystem productivity by 21% over 1,000 years.
  • Inclusion of buffering led to a 9% increase in Norway spruce and a 12% decrease in European beech basal area.
  • Local bark beetle development rates decreased by 16%, resulting in a 45% reduction in landscape-scale bark beetle-induced mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Microclimate temperature buffering nonlinearly scales from stand to landscape and over millennial timescales.
  • Dynamic simulation models are crucial for upscaling microclimate effects in space and time.
  • Microclimate buffering demonstrably alters forest dynamics at landscape scales.