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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
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A Decrease of Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Antigens Does Not Reflect a Decrease of Neutralization Rate: A

Gabriela Mattoso Coelho1, Hellen Geremias Dos Santos2, Allan Henrique Depieri Cataneo1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Carlos Chagas Institute/Fiocruz, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)
|February 6, 2025
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Pregnant women showed a strong immune response to COVID-19 vaccines, with significant increases in neutralizing and IgG antibodies after vaccination. This indicates robust protection against SARS-CoV-2 for this high-risk group.

Keywords:
COVID‐19 vaccineSARS‐CoV‐2humoral responsematernal immunityneutralizing antibodiespregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Maternal Health

Background:

  • Pregnant women face higher risks for severe COVID-19.
  • Initial COVID-19 vaccine trials excluded pregnant individuals, limiting safety and efficacy data.
  • Understanding vaccine-induced immunity in pregnancy is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the immune response to BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech) vaccines in pregnant women.
  • To analyze the kinetics and titers of neutralizing and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 post-vaccination.
  • To assess vaccine effectiveness and protection during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of pregnant women received either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac.
  • IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 antigens were measured using a multiplex bead assay.
  • Neutralizing antibodies were quantified using a live virus fluorescence reduction neutralization assay (FRNA).
  • Samples were collected before vaccination and 30 days after each dose.

Main Results:

  • Vaccination induced a robust humoral immune response in pregnant women.
  • Significant increases in IgG and neutralizing antibodies were observed after the first vaccine dose.
  • A sustained neutralizing antibody response was noted after the vaccine boost.
  • Anti-spike IgG levels showed a slight decrease post-second dose, while neutralization remained stable.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women elicits a substantial increase in neutralizing antibodies.
  • The findings support the safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in pregnancy.
  • Further research may explore long-term antibody persistence and protection.