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Inorganic Metal Nanoparticles in Reproductive Biology: Applications, Toxicities and Future Prospects.

Sangita Kundu1, Wilfried A Kues2, Christoph Rehbock1

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Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) show promise in reproductive biology for applications like imaging, drug delivery, and fertility preservation. Further research is needed to address challenges and explore clinical potential.

Keywords:
BioimagingCryopreservationDrug and gene deliveryGameteGenetic engineeringMetal and metal oxide nanoparticlesReproductive biologyReprotoxicitySex-sortingSperm

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Science

Background:

  • Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) are increasingly utilized in biomedical fields.
  • Their application in reproductive biology is an emerging area of significant interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and applications of MNPs in reproductive biology.
  • To focus on MNP interactions with germ cells (spermatozoa, oocytes, embryos).
  • To discuss MNP potential in imaging, drug delivery, gene transfer, and livestock applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on MNPs in reproductive biology.
  • Analysis of MNP physicochemical properties and their interactions with reproductive cells.
  • Investigation of MNP uptake, translocation, and biocompatibility.

Main Results:

  • MNPs offer versatile applications in targeted imaging and therapeutic molecule delivery to gametes.
  • Functionalized MNPs can act as transfection vectors for generating transgenic animals.
  • MNPs show promise in livestock applications like semen collection, purification, cryopreservation, and sex sorting.
  • Recent studies explore MNP toxicity on oocytes and their role in fertility preservation via cryopreservation and oxidative stress reduction.

Conclusions:

  • MNPs possess unique properties making them suitable for various reproductive applications.
  • Understanding MNP cellular and molecular interactions is crucial for safe and effective use.
  • Challenges and future prospects for clinical research involving MNPs in reproductive medicine are discussed.