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Comparison of the antimycoplasma activity of two commercially available tylosin premixes
Abstract:
Two tylosin premixes (referred to in this report as Premix A and tylosin Premix B), obtained as commercial products from Japan, were analyzed microbiologically for tylosin and by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) for macrolide content. They were evaluated in the feed at concentrations of 550 and 1100 ppm antibiotic activity for the treatment of chickens with induced Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection. The tylosin microbiological assay value for Premix A was 3.0% below and for Premix B, 7.5% above the tylosin concentration stated on the respective premix labels. Analyses by HPLC showed tylosin Premix A contained 84% tylosin and 16% other macrolide derivatives; whereas, tylosin Premix B contained 42.6% tylosin, 46.6% other macrolides, and 10.8% unidentified material. When the two premixes were administered in the feed for 5 days as treatments for MG-infected chickens, tylosin Premix A was significantly more effective than tylosin Premix B, as measured by reductions in mortality, air sac lesions, and infection as indicated by development of MG antibody. In experiments in pigs where individual macrolide derivatives were used, tylosin was more effective than the other macrolides, desmycosin or macrocin, for the treatment of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection. It is apparent from these studies that commercially available tylosin products may contain varying quantities of tylosin and related macrolide antibiotics and that these differences may significantly affect the efficacy of the products.
Insights
Commercial tylosin premixes vary in actual tylosin content and related macrolides. Premix A, with higher tylosin concentration, proved more effective in treating Mycoplasma gallisepticum infections in chickens.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Microbiology
- Animal Science
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic used in food-producing animals.
- Commercial tylosin premixes are widely used for disease prevention and treatment.
- Variability in the composition of veterinary antibiotic premixes can impact efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the tylosin and macrolide content of two commercial tylosin premixes.
- To evaluate the efficacy of these premixes in treating Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in chickens.
- To compare the effectiveness of tylosin versus other macrolides in treating Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in pigs.
Main Methods:
- Microbiological assay and High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were used to determine macrolide content.
- Premixes were administered to chickens with induced MG infection at 550 and 1100 ppm.
- Efficacy was measured by reductions in mortality, air sac lesions, and MG antibody development.
Main Results:
- Premix A contained 84% tylosin and 16% other macrolides; Premix B contained 42.6% tylosin, 46.6% other macrolides.
- Premix A was significantly more effective than Premix B in reducing MG infection indicators in chickens.
- In pigs, pure tylosin was more effective than desmycosin or macrocin against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
Conclusions:
- Commercial tylosin premixes can have significant variations in their active tylosin and related macrolide content.
- These compositional differences directly influence the therapeutic efficacy of the premixes.
- Veterinary antibiotic quality control is crucial for ensuring effective disease treatment in livestock.