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Microbial Biosensors01:17

Microbial Biosensors

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Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen
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Development of a highly sensitive PbrR-based biosensor via directed evolution and its application for lead detection.

Liang Shen1, Yiwen Chen2, Jiajie Pan2

  • 1School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|February 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A novel whole-cell biosensor (WCB) was engineered to detect lead (Pb) contamination with enhanced sensitivity and specificity. This improved biosensor shows great potential for practical environmental monitoring applications.

Keywords:
Directed evolutionLead (Pb)PbrRWhole-cell biosensor

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Biosensor Technology

Background:

  • Whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) offer a practical method for monitoring bioavailable lead (Pb) contamination.
  • Existing Pb-responsive WCBs often lack the required sensitivity, specificity, and stability for real-world applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and enhance a Pb-responsive WCB with improved performance characteristics.
  • To engineer a biosensor with increased sensitivity, specificity, and stability for lead detection.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a Pb WCB utilizing the Pb resistance transcriptional regulatory factor (PbrR) and green fluorescent protein (GFP).
  • Application of directed evolution combined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for biosensor optimization.
  • Screening through three rounds to isolate a high-performance biosensor mutant (PbrR-E3).

Main Results:

  • The evolved biosensor (PbrR-E3) demonstrated an approximately 11-fold increase in maximum fluorescence output compared to the non-evolved version.
  • Significant improvements in sensitivity and specificity were achieved, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.045 μg/L for Pb(II).
  • The biosensor showed excellent performance in detecting Pb(II) in tea infusions and good stability in spiked real water samples.

Conclusions:

  • The evolved WCB represents a significant advancement in lead detection technology.
  • This enhanced biosensor holds considerable potential for practical and reliable monitoring of lead contamination in environmental samples.
  • The directed evolution approach proved effective in overcoming limitations of existing Pb-responsive WCBs.