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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...

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Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Anionic polyelectrolyte-regulated cellulose nanocrystal-based hydrogels for controllable drug release.

Jianyu Gong1, Rong Guo1, Pengcheng Xue1

  • 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|February 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Anionic polyelectrolytes improve cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) hydrogels for controlled drug delivery. This study demonstrates enhanced mechanical properties and tunable drug release, offering a promising biocompatible platform.

Keywords:
Cellulose nanocrystalsDrug releaseHofmeister effectHydrogels

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-based hydrogels face challenges in biocompatibility and precise drug release control.
  • Inorganic salt-regulated Hofmeister effects have limitations for CNC hydrogel applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of anionic polyelectrolyte-regulated Hofmeister effects to enhance CNC-based hydrogels for controlled drug delivery.
  • To improve the mechanical properties and drug release controllability of CNC-based hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of CNC-based hydrogels incorporating anionic polyelectrolytes to form a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN).
  • Investigation of CNC and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chain aggregation and crystallization induced by the Hofmeister effect.
  • Evaluation of mechanical properties, in vitro drug release kinetics (duration and capacity), biocompatibility (cytotoxicity assays), and antibacterial properties.

Main Results:

  • Anionic polyelectrolyte-regulated Hofmeister effect promoted CNC and PVA aggregation and crystallization.
  • The resulting semi-IPN hydrogels exhibited significantly enhanced mechanical properties.
  • Drug release duration was tunable from 16 to 52 hours, and drug release capacity ranged from 10.13 to 19.21 mg/g.
  • Hydrogels demonstrated favorable biocompatibility and moderate antibacterial activity.

Conclusions:

  • Anionic polyelectrolyte-regulated Hofmeister effects offer a flexible approach to enhance CNC-based hydrogels for controlled drug delivery.
  • The developed hydrogels show promise for applications requiring tunable drug release profiles and good biocompatibility.