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An In vitro Model to Study Heterogeneity of Human Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization
Published on: June 12, 2013
Identification of biomarkers associated with macrophage polarization in diabetic cardiomyopathy based on
Yi Liu1, Juan Zhang2, Quancheng Han1
1The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Background:
Numerous studies have investigated the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Methods:
The DCM dataset (GSE62203) was downloaded from the GEO database. DEGs and WGCNA key module genes were identified. Macrophage polarization-associated genes were obtained from the GeneCards database. GO and KEGG functional enrichment were constructed. Two machine learning techniques, LASSO logistic regression and random forest, were further used to identify hub genes. The diagnostic efficiency was evaluated using ROC curves. Single-gene GSEA investigated the biological functions. Then, the relationship between hub genes and macrophage pathways was explored. Predicted Transcription factor (TF), miRNA, and lncRNA. Single cell sequencing analysis was performed. Finally, experimental validation of the hub genes using the DCM rat model.
Results:
Three hub genes (PGK1, LDHA, EDN1) were identified through machine learning approaches. All three hub genes were found to be associated with the HIF-1 signaling pathway. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the HIF-1 signaling pathway and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis are potentially linked to DCM-induced macrophage polarization. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the hub genes were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. Furthermore, mRNA expression of the hub genes showed a positive correlation with CD80 and CD86.
Conclusion:
PGK1, LDHA, and EDN1 represent potential biomarkers for M1 macrophage polarization in DCM. These genes may facilitate M1 macrophage polarization in DCM. Targeting macrophage polarization could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for DCM.
