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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Requesting Examples in Psychodiagnostic Interviews.

Thomas Spranz-Fogasy1, Eva-Maria Graf2, Johannes C Ehrenthal3

  • 1Institut fuer Deutsche Sprache.

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Therapists requesting examples in psychodiagnostic interviews clarify client issues, fostering an understanding that facilitates therapeutic change. This interactional analysis reveals how specific requests guide clients toward increased awareness and insight.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Psychotherapy Research

Background:

  • Understanding change in helping professions is crucial for effective therapeutic practice.
  • Therapists' interactional moves significantly influence client progress and therapeutic outcomes.
  • The analysis of psychodiagnostic interviews offers insights into the micro-processes of therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate therapists' requesting examples in psychodiagnostic interviews.
  • To examine the interactional and sequential contribution of these requests to client change.
  • To explore how therapists' requests facilitate clarification and co-construction of knowledge.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 16 videotaped first interviews from the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD) manual.
  • Utilizing sequential analysis to examine therapist-client interaction, focusing on 'requesting examples'.
  • Drawing on concepts like retro-sequences and 'expandable responses' for detailed interactional analysis.

Main Results:

  • Therapists' requests for examples implicitly or explicitly address client contributions as insufficient (unclear, vague, general).
  • These requests initiate a 'retro-sequence,' prompting clients to provide clarifying descriptions that reveal psychic or relational aspects.
  • The therapist-client interplay, termed 'interplay of understanding,' co-constructs common knowledge, aiding therapists in pursuing therapeutic aims.

Conclusions:

  • Requesting examples is a specific type of request following 'expandable responses,' crucial for making examples conditionally relevant.
  • This interactional mechanism helps therapists increase clients' awareness of distorted perceptions, paving the way for psychological change.
  • The study highlights the significance of micro-analytic interactional sequences in achieving therapeutic goals and fostering client transformation.