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Quadric Surfaces01:28

Quadric Surfaces

Quadric surfaces are three-dimensional surfaces characterized by second-degree equations in the variables x, y, and z. These surfaces are smooth and continuous, and specific combinations of squared and linear terms define their shapes. The main types of quadric surfaces include ellipsoids, cones, paraboloids, and hyperboloids. Each type exhibits distinct geometric features depending on how the variables are arranged and related within the equation.Ellipsoids are closed surfaces formed when all...

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Fabrication of Silica Ultra High Quality Factor Microresonators
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Low-Contrast BIC Metasurfaces with Quality Factors Exceeding 100,000.

Keisuke Watanabe1, Tadaaki Nagao1,2, Masanobu Iwanaga3

  • 1International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.

Nano Letters
|February 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We demonstrated dielectric metasurfaces with a record 101,000 quality factor using quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBICs). This breakthrough enables ultrahigh-Q applications and sensitive environmental detection.

Keywords:
Q factorsall-dielectricbiosensorsbound states in the continuummetasurfacessilicon

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Dielectric metasurfaces utilize quasi-bound states in the continuum (qBICs) to achieve high quality (Q) factors.
  • Fabrication imperfections typically limit experimentally observed Q factors in such systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate BIC metasurfaces with ultrahigh Q factors in the telecom wavelength range.
  • To investigate methods for overcoming fabrication limitations and achieving high Q factors in BIC metasurfaces.
  • To explore the potential for sensitive environmental sensing using these ultrahigh-Q metasurfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of low-contrast silicon pair metasurfaces.
  • Utilizing higher-order qBIC modes for enhanced radiative Q factors.
  • Employing shallow-etched designs to minimize scattering losses.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a Q factor of 101,000 under normal light excitation.
  • Demonstrated stable sub-picometer-level wavelength fluctuations in water.
  • Established a limit of detection of 10^-5 for environmental refractive index changes.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrahigh-Q factors in free-space accessible metasurfaces are achievable by combining higher-order qBIC modes and reduced scattering.
  • The developed BIC metasurfaces offer potential for advanced sensing applications with high sensitivity.
  • The demonstrated approach is versatile and can be extended to various metasurface configurations and wavelengths.