Pre-pandemic cross-reactive antibody and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 among female sex workers in Dakar, Senegal
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Pre-existing immunity from common human coronaviruses (hCoVs) may explain lower COVID-19 severity in Africa. Prior hCoV exposure induced cross-reactive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, suggesting a protective effect.
Area Of Science
- Immunology
- Epidemiology
- Virology
Background
- COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted global populations.
- African populations showed unexpectedly lower severe disease and mortality rates.
- Investigated the role of pre-existing immunity in COVID-19 epidemiology in Africa.
Purpose Of The Study
- To investigate the potential role of pre-existing immunity in shaping COVID-19 epidemiology in Africa.
- To assess cross-reactive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 from prior exposure to seasonal human coronaviruses (hCoVs).
Main Methods
- Screened pre-pandemic plasma from Senegalese female sex workers for SARS-CoV-2 and hCoV antibodies using virion immunoblots.
- Assessed IFN-γ cellular responses via ELISPOT after stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with fusion proteins.
Main Results
- Observed substantial pre-existing cross-reactive immunity to SARS-CoV-2, linked to prior hCoV exposure.
- Found a 23.5% seroprevalence rate against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antibodies.
- Demonstrated significant cross-reactivity in cellular immune responses (IFN-γ) to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and N antigens.
Conclusions
- Prior hCoV exposure may induce cross-reactive adaptive immunity, potentially offering protection against COVID-19.
- Study provides unique data on hCoV and SARS-CoV-2 immunity dynamics in Senegal.
- Highlights the importance of pre-existing immunity in global COVID-19 outcomes.
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