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A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Published on: May 6, 2018
Immunotherapy of osteosarcoma based on immune microenvironment modulation
Heping Lian1,2, Jiakui Zhang3, Shuna Hou4
1Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Abstract:
Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor with unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes achieved by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. As an emerging oncological treatment, immunotherapy has shown potential in the clinical management of many tumors but has a poor response rate in osteosarcoma. The immunosuppressive microenvironment in osteosarcoma is the main reason for the ineffectiveness of immunotherapy, in which the low immune response rate of immune effector cells and the high activation of immunosuppressive cells contribute to this outcome. Therefore, modulating the function of the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma is expected to remodel the immunosuppressive microenvironment of osteosarcoma and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. This article reviews the role of immune cells in the progression of osteosarcoma, describes the corresponding regulatory tools for the characteristics of different cells to enhance the efficacy of osteosarcoma immunotherapy, and concludes the prospects and future challenges of osteosarcoma immunotherapy.
Insights
Osteosarcoma immunotherapy shows poor response due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment. Modulating immune cells in this microenvironment is key to enhancing osteosarcoma treatment efficacy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Osteosarcoma treatments like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery have limited success.
- Immunotherapy shows promise for many cancers but has a low response rate in osteosarcoma.
- The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment hinders osteosarcoma immunotherapy efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of immune cells in osteosarcoma progression.
- To describe regulatory strategies for immune cells to improve osteosarcoma immunotherapy.
- To discuss future prospects and challenges in osteosarcoma immunotherapy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review on immune cell involvement in osteosarcoma.
- Analysis of regulatory tools targeting immune cell functions.
- Synthesis of current research on osteosarcoma immunotherapy.
Main Results:
- Identified low immune effector cell response and high immunosuppressive cell activation as key issues.
- Highlighted the potential of modulating the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment.
- Reviewed specific strategies to enhance immune cell activity and reduce suppression.
Conclusions:
- Modulating the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment is crucial for improving immunotherapy outcomes.
- Targeting specific immune cell functions offers a promising therapeutic avenue.
- Further research is needed to overcome challenges and advance osteosarcoma immunotherapy.
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