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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: May 6, 2018

Immunotherapy of osteosarcoma based on immune microenvironment modulation.

Heping Lian^1,2, Jiakui Zhang³, Shuna Hou⁴

¹Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Frontiers in Immunology

|February 7, 2025

Summary

Osteosarcoma immunotherapy shows poor response due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment. Modulating immune cells in this microenvironment is key to enhancing osteosarcoma treatment efficacy.

Keywords:

biomaterials immune microenvironment immunotherapy osteosarcoma targeted therapy

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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

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Published on: March 7, 2025

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Cancer Research

Background:

Osteosarcoma treatments like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery have limited success.
Immunotherapy shows promise for many cancers but has a low response rate in osteosarcoma.
The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment hinders osteosarcoma immunotherapy efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of immune cells in osteosarcoma progression.
To describe regulatory strategies for immune cells to improve osteosarcoma immunotherapy.
To discuss future prospects and challenges in osteosarcoma immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

Literature review on immune cell involvement in osteosarcoma.
Analysis of regulatory tools targeting immune cell functions.
Synthesis of current research on osteosarcoma immunotherapy.

Main Results:

Identified low immune effector cell response and high immunosuppressive cell activation as key issues.
Highlighted the potential of modulating the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment.
Reviewed specific strategies to enhance immune cell activity and reduce suppression.

Conclusions:

Modulating the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment is crucial for improving immunotherapy outcomes.
Targeting specific immune cell functions offers a promising therapeutic avenue.
Further research is needed to overcome challenges and advance osteosarcoma immunotherapy.