Microwave versus conventional sintering on mechanical properties of 3Y-TZP - A systematic review

This systematic review evaluates the mechanical properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP) processed by microwave sintering compared to conventional sintering methods. Zirconia, known for its excellent strength and esthetics, has seen advancements in sintering techniques to enhance its properties. Conventional sintering, while effective, is time-consuming and less energy-efficient. In contrast, microwave sintering, introduced in 1999, offers rapid heating and improved control over temperature and shrinkage. This review, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, included studies from 2000 to 2023 that compared the effects of both sintering methods on relative density, flexural strength, Young's modulus and hardness of zirconia. Results indicate that microwave sintering improves hardness and reduces processing time, whereas conventional sintering provides higher relative density, flexural strength, and Young's modulus. The findings suggest that the choice of sintering technique should align with specific material property requirements, with each method offering distinct advantages for zirconia applications.