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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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A concise practical clinical guide to identifying spasticity in neurological shoulder dysfunction.

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This study offers practical guidance for identifying and assessing hemiplegic shoulder spasticity after brain injury. It provides a structured approach to help clinicians manage neurological shoulder dysfunction effectively.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Spasticity is a common complication of hemiplegic shoulder following acquired brain injury.
  • A gap exists in the assessment and treatment of shoulder involvement in patients with arm spasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a consensus among experts on identifying and assessing hemiplegic shoulder spasticity.
  • To develop a simple, structured approach for clinicians managing shoulder spasticity.

Main Methods:

  • A consensus group of six spasticity experts were interviewed individually.
  • An in-person meeting was held to build consensus on assessment tools, scales, red flags, and practicalities.
  • Recommendations were developed based on expert agreement.

Main Results:

  • Recommendations were categorized into Posture, Purposeful activity, and Pain (the 'three Ps').
  • Guidance includes observing posture, systematically assessing purposeful activity, and evaluating shoulder pain.
  • Recommendations cover impairment- and function-related measures for assessment and goal-setting.

Conclusions:

  • This consensus provides practical recommendations for identifying shoulder spasticity.
  • It aims to support clinicians in managing neurological shoulder dysfunction.
  • The guidance facilitates better assessment and goal-setting for patients with hemiplegic shoulder spasticity.