Redefining the documentation of outdoor surface scatter scenes using geographic information systems

Area of Science:

• Forensic Archaeology
• Geospatial Analysis

Background:

• Forensic archaeology research predominantly focuses on clandestine graves.
• Traditional methods for human remains recovery are well-documented for graves but not for surface scatter scenes.
• Surface scatter scenes represent a significant, under-researched deposition type in forensic investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore documentation methods for forensic surface scatter scenes.
• To integrate traditional archaeological techniques, geophysical surveying, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
• To assess the qualitative and quantitative capabilities of GIS in documenting scatter scenes.

Main Methods:

• A mixed-method study using three simulated surface scatter scenes.
• Successive application and iteration of traditional archaeological and geophysical surveying techniques.
• Utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for data documentation and analysis.

Main Results:

• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) proved effective for documenting contextual data at simulated forensic surface scatter scenes.
• The study provided both qualitative and quantitative data through GIS integration.
• Terrain was identified as a key variable influencing the prevalence and documentation of scatter scenes.

Conclusions:

• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offer a valuable tool for documenting forensic surface scatter scenes.
• The findings support the admissibility and impact of these techniques as evidence in legal proceedings.
• Further research into diverse surveying techniques for non-grave deposition sites is crucial for advancing forensic archaeology.