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Understaffing as a Two-Dimensional Phenomenon: A Cross-Sectional Study of Hospital Nurses' Manpower and Expertise
Shani Pindek1, Melisa R Hayman2, David J Howard3
1University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
Aim(S):
To examine whether manpower and expertise understaffing are distinct, and whether they relate similarly to nursing stressors, burnout, job satisfaction and intentions to turnover.
Design:
A cross-sectional survey of hospital nurses nested within units was used.
Methods:
The sample included 402 nurses. Nurses provided ratings of the study's variables using validated self-report measures. The data were analysed both as multilevel and single-level data.
Results:
Manpower and expertise understaffing contributed unique explained variance to all of the examined outcomes. Nurses within the same units experience different understaffing levels. Expertise understaffing emerged as a significantly stronger predictor than manpower understaffing for three of the six of the outcome variables (illegitimate tasks, job satisfaction and turnover intentions).
Conclusion:
Manpower and expertise understaffing are distinct, and both are associated with nurse outcomes.
Reporting Method:
We have adhered to the STROBE guideline for cross-sectional studies.
Implications For The Profession And/Or Patient Care:
Considering both manpower and expertise understaffing to maintain proper staffing levels in nursing units is crucial.
Patient Or Public Contribution:
A Director of Patient Care Services from the hospital where the study was conducted is a member of the research team. This member contributed to designing and conducting the study as well as interpreting the results.
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