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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Alkyl Halides

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Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
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Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

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Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Updated: May 29, 2025

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Regulating Chemical Bonds in Halide Frameworks for Lithium Superionic Conductors.

Hailun Jin1,2, Jiuwei Lei2, Fiaz Hussain2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240,China.

ACS Nano
|February 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Introducing new dopants into solid-state electrolytes enhances ionic conductivity by altering chemical bonds. This breakthrough in solid-state battery materials promises safer, high-energy-density devices.

Keywords:
all-solid-state batterieschemical bondhalideionic conductivitysolid-state electrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Developing solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) is crucial for advancing all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs).
  • Substitutional doping is the primary method for enhancing ionic conduction in SSEs.
  • Current doping strategies focus on carrier concentration and lattice modifications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of substitutional doping on chemical bond modulation in halide SSEs.
  • To understand how bond changes influence ionic conduction.
  • To develop high-performance halide SSEs for ASSBs.

Main Methods:

  • Substitutional doping with high charge density cations (e.g., Al3+, Fe3+).
  • Neutron powder diffraction and pair distribution function analysis.
  • First-principles calculations.

Main Results:

  • High charge density dopants increase M-X bond covalency and induce asymmetric force fields.
  • This leads to higher site energy and lower migration barriers, enhancing ionic conductivity (>1 mS cm-1 at room temperature).
  • Enhanced deformability and high-performance ASSB prototypes at low stacking pressures (<10 MPa).

Conclusions:

  • Chemical bond modulation via doping is a viable strategy for enhancing ionic conduction in halide SSEs.
  • The developed SSEs show significant potential for practical ASSB applications.
  • This work advances the understanding of superionic conduction mechanisms in halide frameworks.