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Causal effects of various particulate matter on inflammatory bowel disease and its subtypes: insights from Mendelian

Yunfeng Yu1,2, Keke Tong1, Juan Deng1

  • 1The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.

International Journal of Biometeorology
|February 7, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure increases genetic susceptibility to ulcerative colitis (UC), but not Crohn's disease (CD). PM10 showed no association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) genetic risk. Protective measures against PM2.5 may reduce UC risk.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Genetic Epidemiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The relationship between particulate matter (PM) exposure and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) genetic susceptibility is debated.
  • Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a method to investigate potential causal links between environmental exposures and diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the causal effect of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) on the genetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from PM and IBD datasets.
  • Assessed SNP effects on IBD genetic susceptibility using inverse variance weighted (IVW) method.
  • Evaluated heterogeneity and robustness with Cochran's Q and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses.

Main Results:

  • PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with increased genetic susceptibility to ulcerative colitis (UC) (OR 1.675, p=0.010).
  • No significant association was found between PM2.5 and genetic susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) (OR 1.685, p=0.114).
  • PM10 exposure showed no association with genetic susceptibility to IBD, UC, or CD.

Conclusions:

  • PM2.5 exposure may increase genetic predisposition to ulcerative colitis (UC).
  • No evidence suggests PM exposure influences genetic susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD).
  • Implementing protective measures against PM2.5 could mitigate UC risk.
Keywords:
Air pollutionCrohn’s diseaseInflammatory bowel diseaseMendelian randomizationParticulate matterUlcerative colitis

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