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Paediatric Renal Tumors: A State-of-the-Art Review
Cecilia Salzillo1,2, Gerardo Cazzato3, Gabriella Serio3
1Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Pathology Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70121, Bari, Italy. cecilia.salzillo@unicampania.it.
Insights
Pediatric renal tumors, including Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma), require multidisciplinary care. Advances in personalized therapies offer improved outcomes and quality of life for children with these conditions.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Nephrology
- Tumor Biology
Background:
- Pediatric renal tumors present diverse malignant and benign conditions in children.
- Optimal diagnosis and treatment necessitate a multidisciplinary approach.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an in-depth analysis of pediatric renal tumors, covering epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and survival.
- To highlight the importance of individualized management and multidisciplinary care.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on pediatric renal tumors.
- Analysis of epidemiological data, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic strategies.
- Evaluation of treatment outcomes and survival rates.
Main Results:
- Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) is the most common pediatric renal tumor, treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation.
- Less common tumors like renal clear cell sarcoma and malignant rhabdoid tumor require tailored management.
- Therapeutic options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and genetic/epigenetic treatments.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of pediatric kidney tumors demands a multidisciplinary team for accurate evaluation and optimal treatment.
- Personalized and innovative therapies hold significant potential for improving clinical outcomes and quality of life.
- Maximizing recovery prospects and enhancing patient and family quality of life are key goals.
Purpose Of Review:
Pediatric renal tumors comprise a wide range of conditions, both malignant and benign, that affect children and require a multidisciplinary approach for optimal diagnosis and treatment. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment options, outcomes, and survival of major pediatric renal tumors.
Recent Findings:
Wilms tumor, or nephroblastoma, is the most common form of renal tumor in children, characterized by growth from primitive renal cells. Standard treatment involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and, in some cases, radiation therapy, with the aim of removing the tumor, preventing recurrence and maximizing the chances of long-term recovery. Less common pediatric renal tumors, such as renal clear cell sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, mesoblastic nephroma, and malignant rhabdoid tumor, require similarly careful and individualized management. Therapeutic strategies, which depend on the characteristics of the tumor, the stage of the disease and the individual response to therapy, may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and, in some cases, molecular targeted therapies, immunotherapies and genetic and epigenetic therapies. The management of pediatric kidney tumors requires the involvement of a multidisciplinary team of specialists to ensure accurate evaluation, optimal treatments and long-term follow-up. The aim is to maximize the prospects for recovery and improve the quality of life of patients and their families. Advances in innovative, personalized therapies represent an important opportunity to further improve clinical outcomes in these patients.
