Geochemical dynamics of coastal environments with shrimp farming activities in southern Bahia, Brazil

The accelerated growth of shrimp farming has led to an increased influx of organic and inorganic pollutants into water bodies, posing a threat to water quality, biodiversity, and human health. This study aimed to assess the impact of shrimp farming activities by analyzing the physical and geochemical variables of water and sediment associated with shrimp farming in Valença, Bahia. Samples were collected in triplicate, including controls, for a total of 10 samples analyzed. Results showed high levels of BOD and trace elements such as Al, Fe, and Mn, as well as low oxygen levels in the water compared to CONAMA Resolution 357/05. Principal Component Analysis and Pearson correlation revealed 38.2 % of significant correlations, mainly in water parameters like BOD and DO, influenced by seasonal variations and anthropogenic activities. Elements such as Al, Fe, and Mn were associated with Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides and aluminosilicates. No sediment concentrations exceeded CONAMA Resolution 454/12 limits; however, 48.6 % of the elements were linked to Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides and aluminosilicates. Although Co, Cu, Ni, and V correlated with Al, Fe, and Mn, they may also reflect anthropogenic inputs from shrimp farming via feed and fertilizers. Water bodies in Valença show a tendency to accumulate higher concentrations of elements in certain areas, which may not only be attributed to natural events but also to human activities like shrimp farming. This study represents a baseline for further analyses within similar enterprises and for conducting methodological studies related to aquatic life.