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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

Evaluating Dryocosmus Kuriphilus-induced Damage on Castanea Sativa
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Damage control packing: How long can it stay?

Jihun Cha1, Thomas W Clements2, Chad G Ball3

  • 1Washington State University Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA.

American Journal of Surgery
|February 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Damage control (DC) packing stops bleeding in severe injuries. Most DC gauze packing can remain in place longer than three days, especially when evacuation is delayed or resources are limited.

Keywords:
Austere traumaCasualty careCombat woundsDamage control surgeryGauze packingLarge scale combat operationsen route evacuation

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Surgical Critical Care

Background:

  • Damage control (DC) packing is a critical intervention for hemorrhage control in patients with extensive injuries.
  • Standard practice involves removal or exchange of packing within 1-3 days via reoperation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the benefits and hazards associated with the removal of DC packing.
  • To inform decision-making for surgeons and non-surgeons regarding prolonged packing retention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines on damage control packing.
  • Analysis of complications and rebleeding risks associated with packing removal timelines.

Main Results:

  • Prolonged retention of DC packing is sometimes necessary in remote or large-scale combat scenarios.
  • Rebleeding is a significant risk during packing removal.
  • Most DC gauze packing does not require mandatory removal within a three-day window, except in Dismounted Complex Blast Injury.

Conclusions:

  • The timing of DC packing removal should be individualized based on clinical context, resource availability, and evacuation capabilities.
  • Extended retention of DC packing may be safe and necessary in specific austere environments and large-scale combat operations.