Active frequency support capability evaluation of photovoltaic stations based on bi-level evaluation method

Area of Science:

• Electrical Engineering
• Renewable Energy Systems
• Power Systems Analysis

Background:

• Increasing photovoltaic (PV) penetration challenges power grid frequency security.
• Grid codes mandate PV stations to participate in frequency regulation.
• Accurate assessment of active frequency support capability (AFSC) is crucial for effective frequency response strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a comprehensive indicator system for evaluating the AFSC of PV stations.
• To develop an integrated evaluation method to assess AFSC, minimizing subjective influences.
• To create a practical tool for applying the AFSC evaluation system.

Main Methods:

• Established a comprehensive indicator system for AFSC based on national standards, covering frequency stability, power support, and power regulation.
• Developed a bi-level evaluation model integrating Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and Antagonistic Interpretive Structural Modeling (AISM) for indicator weighting.
• Validated the method through a case study on the IEEE 39-bus test system with an integrated PV station.

Main Results:

• The proposed indicator system effectively captures key aspects of PV station AFSC.
• The integrated evaluation method provides a robust and objective assessment of AFSC.
• The developed software facilitates the practical application and implementation of the AFSC evaluation system.

Conclusions:

• The proposed indicator system and evaluation method accurately reflect the AFSC of PV stations.
• The developed software promotes wider adoption and implementation of AFSC assessment.
• This work contributes to enhancing power grid frequency security with increased PV integration.