Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

6.7K
Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
6.7K
Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

2.7K
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
2.7K
Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

10.1K
In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
10.1K
What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

82.2K
Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
82.2K
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

8.3K
Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
8.3K
Exocytosis00:51

Exocytosis

66.2K
Exocytosis is used to release material from cells. Like other bulk transport mechanisms, exocytosis requires energy.
66.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Labile iron starvation in embryonic Kupffer cells aggravates MASH via mitochondrial failure and macrophage dysfunction.

Cell death & disease·2026
Same author

Obesity rewires CD8+ T cell iron metabolism in adipose tissue to fuel metabolic inflammation.

Metabolism: clinical and experimental·2025
Same author

Reply.

Gastroenterology·2025
Same author

Adipose tissue macrophage-derived miR-690 modulates adipocyte precursor cell maintenance and adipogenesis.

Molecular metabolism·2025
Same author

Far-red chemigenetic kinase biosensors enable multiplexed and super-resolved imaging of signaling networks.

Nature biotechnology·2025
Same author

Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis Secrete Extracellular Vesicles That Activate Liver Fibrosis in Obese Male Mice.

Gastroenterology·2025
Same journal

Lysine pyruvylation couples glycolytic flux to epigenetic regulation.

Nature metabolism·2026
Same journal

Pyruvate leaves its mark on chromatin.

Nature metabolism·2026
Same journal

Imaging mass cytometry reveals functional and immunological changes during type 1 diabetes progression in human pancreata.

Nature metabolism·2026
Same journal

A spatial atlas of pancreatic remodelling in type 1 diabetes.

Nature metabolism·2026
Same journal

Reclassification of basic experimental studies in humans - a case for a new publishing consensus.

Nature metabolism·2026
Same journal

Mitochondrial quality control in human ageing and longevity.

Nature metabolism·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2025

A Simple Benchtop Filtration Method to Isolate Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
09:10

A Simple Benchtop Filtration Method to Isolate Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: June 23, 2022

1.4K

Metabolic Messengers: small extracellular vesicles.

Theresa V Rohm1, Karina Cunha E Rocha2, Jerrold M Olefsky3

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. trohm@health.ucsd.edu.

Nature Metabolism
|February 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are key metabolic regulators and messengers. This review explores their role in obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic disorders, highlighting therapeutic potential.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Mechanisms of MicroRNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Progression
07:29

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Mechanisms of MicroRNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Progression

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.4K
Author Spotlight: Peptidome Extraction from Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages
08:34

Author Spotlight: Peptidome Extraction from Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

Published on: June 30, 2023

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2025

A Simple Benchtop Filtration Method to Isolate Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
09:10

A Simple Benchtop Filtration Method to Isolate Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Published on: June 23, 2022

1.4K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Mechanisms of MicroRNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Progression
07:29

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Mechanisms of MicroRNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Progression

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.4K
Author Spotlight: Peptidome Extraction from Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages
08:34

Author Spotlight: Peptidome Extraction from Small Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

Published on: June 30, 2023

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Metabolism
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are crucial for cell-to-cell communication.
  • Initially viewed as waste removers, sEVs are now recognized as vital metabolic regulators.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) within sEVs mediate many of their metabolic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of sEVs in obesity-associated chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms and sites of action of sEVs as metabolic messengers.
  • To discuss the potential of sEVs and miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutics for metabolic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on sEVs, obesity, inflammation, and metabolic disorders.
  • Analysis of research on miRNA-mediated effects of sEVs.
  • Synthesis of current understanding and future research directions.

Main Results:

  • sEVs play a significant role in regulating metabolism and mediating inflammation in obesity.
  • miRNAs carried by sEVs are key players in metabolic dysregulation.
  • sEVs act as signaling hubs influencing various metabolic processes.

Conclusions:

  • sEVs are critical mediators of metabolic health and disease.
  • Understanding sEV function offers new avenues for biomarker discovery and therapeutic interventions.
  • Targeting sEVs or their miRNA cargo holds promise for treating metabolic disorders.