Comparative effects of moderate-intensity continuous training and high-intensity interval training on ADHD symptoms...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition in children, characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Recent studies have investigated the potential role of physical exercise as a complementary intervention to traditional ADHD treatments. This study aimed to compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on ADHD symptoms and behavioral inhibition in children diagnosed with ADHD. In a randomized controlled trial, 60 male participants aged 7-10 years were allocated into three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The intervention lasted 12 weeks, with the MICT group performing 20 min of running at 70-75% of their individual VO2 max and the HIIT group performing alternating intervals of running at 100% and 50% of their VO2 max for 1 min each. The control group received no exercise intervention. Cognitive and symptomatic assessments were conducted using the Children's Symptom Questionnaire (CIS-4) and go/no-go tasks before and 48 h post-intervention. Both MICT and HIIT demonstrated significant improvements in behavioral components, including attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (all P < 0.0001). HIIT showed superior effects on attention deficit compared to MICT (P = 0.008). Both HIIT (P < 0.0001) and MICT (P = 0.028) improved correct responses (CR) in the Go task compared to the control group. HIIT also outperformed the control group in erroneous responses (ER) (P = 0.022) and correct reaction time (P = 0.027) in the Go task. In the No-Go task, HIIT showed superiority over the control group in both CR (P = 0.013) and ER components.

This study highlights the comparative efficacy of MICT and HIIT as nonpharmacological interventions for children with ADHD. HIIT, in particular, demonstrated superior benefits for attention deficits, suggesting its potential as a targeted adjunctive treatment. These findings may inform the development of exercise programs to enhance the quality of life and daily functioning of children with ADHD.

• Physical exercise has been explored as a complementary intervention for ADHD, with evidence suggesting its potential to improve symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. • Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) has shown positive effects on cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children with ADHD.

• High-intensity interval training (HIIT) demonstrated superior benefits over MICT in improving attention deficits in children with ADHD. • Both HIIT and MICT significantly improved behavioral inhibition, with HIIT showing additional advantages in reducing erroneous responses and enhancing reaction times in cognitive tasks.