Evaluating the transfer of surgical skills from simulation on synthetic bone to cadaveric bone osteosynthesis

Surgical simulation in traumatology requires validation to evaluate the technical skills acquired on synthetic bones. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of simulation-based training using synthetic bones on learners' technical skills and radiographic outcomes.

It was hypothesized that learners trained using simulation on synthetic bones would perform better than those without such training.

Sixteen learners (10 residents and 6 medical students) were randomized into two groups: Simulation and Control. The Simulation group received training on synthetic bones through modules focusing on "Olecranon" and "Humerus" osteosynthesis. Technical skills were evaluated on cadaveric specimens by blinded assessors using the OSATS (Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill) score and a dedicated radiological score.

For the "Olecranon" module, the Simulation group achieved a median OSATS score of 88, compared to 74 in the Control group (p = 0.313). In the resident subgroup, the OSATS score was significantly higher than in the Simulation group (90 vs. 77.6; p = 0.017). The median radiological score was also significantly higher in the Simulation group (76 vs. 56; p = 0.038). For the "Humerus" module, no significant differences were observed between the groups for the OSATS score (82.7 vs 63.4; p = 0.216) or the radiological score (55.5 vs. 52.8; p = 0.058).

Simulation-based training on synthetic bones improved technical skills for olecranon osteosynthesis in residents but did not demonstrate similar efficacy for humeral diaphysis osteosynthesis, which may require more advanced simulation models incorporating soft tissues.

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