Two-Dimensional Perovskites for Photocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

The photocatalytic conversion of Carbon dioxide (CO₂) into valuable chemicals is one of the most promising approaches to addressing the CO₂ emission problem. However, several issues still need to be resolved to increase the efficiency of photocatalytic reactions. Perovskites possess superior light absorption capacity, tunable band gaps, high defect tolerance, and diverse dimensionality. Among them, two-dimensional (2D) perovskites are more stable under photocatalytic conditions and have exciting excitonic characteristics compared to three-dimensional (3D) perovskites. 2D perovskites have unique physical and chemical properties, such as high stability, polaron formation, quantum well structures, and high exciton binding energies, which remain underexplored for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction (pCO₂RR). Tuning these properties is easier in 2D perovskites than in 3D perovskites by varying the layer thickness and spacer cations. Therefore, 2D perovskite photocatalysts are emerging as promising materials for reducing CO₂ into valuable products. This review discusses the classification and synthesis methods of 2D perovskites, the unique properties that make them favorable for photocatalysis, and recent advances in applying 2D perovskites for pCO₂RR by monitoring the operational methodology. It also emphasizes the potential for future developments in photocatalysis using 2D perovskites.