Three-dimensional evaluation of root canal morphology in mandibular premolars of Saudi individuals: a CBCT study

In-depth knowledge of the anatomical structure of the root canal system is fundamental for successful endodontic treatment. This research aimed to evaluate the root canal structures of lower premolars in the Saudi western demographic via Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans. 760 CBCT scans were reviewed, which incorporated 2747 mandibular premolar teeth. SPSS was employed for descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests. The Kappa tests were executed for intra- and inter-observer consistency. The number of roots, canals, and canal configurations based on Vertucci's classification were assessed. The study further explored the prevalence, patterns, and variations of the root canal systems, considering gender-based variations and bilateral resemblance. Predominantly, mandibular premolars possessed a single root, though a minority displayed two or three roots. The occurrence of multiple canals was also on the lower side, with the type I canal pattern emerging predominantly. Gender-based distinctions were evident, as males exhibited a higher frequency of two-rooted premolars and multiple canals than females. It was noted that the anatomical differences were more in the mandibular first premolars than in the second premolars. A significant bilateral consistency was observed, with most teeth showcasing consistent root and canal numbers. This research offers essential perspectives on the diverse nature and variability of root canal anatomy within the Saudi Western cohort, facilitating better understanding and treatment planning in endodontics.