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Genetic evaluation of longevity in Australian Angus cattle using random regression models.

Hassan Aliloo1, Julius H J van der Werf1, Samuel A Clark1

  • 1School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.

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|February 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Genetic selection for cow longevity in Australian Angus cattle is possible, though heritability is low. Early and late life longevity are genetically distinct, and excluding censored data underestimates sire breeding values.

Keywords:
beef cattlegenetic selectionlongevityrandom regressionstayabilitysurvival

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Genetics
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Beef Cattle Production

Background:

  • Cow longevity is crucial for beef industry profitability and sustainability.
  • Early selection for longevity is challenging as true longevity is unknown until the end of a cow's life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Estimate variance components and genetic parameters for traditional longevity (TL) and functional longevity (FL) in Australian Angus cattle.
  • Investigate the impact of censored data on estimated breeding values (EBV) of bulls.

Main Methods:

  • Applied a single-trait random regression model using a Bayesian Gibbs sampler.
  • Analyzed five datasets based on different culling reasons for ages 2 to 11 years.
  • Evaluated the impact of excluding censored data on sire EBVs.

Main Results:

  • Heritability estimates for TL and FL were generally low (0.02–0.20), peaking between ages 4–6 years.
  • Genetic correlations between early and late life longevity were low, indicating they are not the same genetic trait.
  • Excluding censored data underestimated sire EBVs, with a larger negative impact on younger sires.

Conclusions:

  • Additive genetic factors significantly contribute to longevity variability in Australian Angus cattle.
  • Genetic improvement of longevity is achievable by incorporating it into long-term breeding objectives.
  • Accurate genetic evaluation requires accounting for censored data in longevity analyses.