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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

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Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

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β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation,...
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Induction and Phenotyping of Acute Right Heart Failure in a Large Animal Model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
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Toward a Universal Definition for Right Heart Failure: A Work in Progress.

Rohit Jogendran1, Chandak Upagupta1, Maya Pankiw1

  • 1University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Canadian Journal of Cardiology
|February 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Defining right heart failure (RHF) is challenging due to the right ventricle's complexity. This review synthesizes current criteria, highlighting the need for consistent diagnostic standards for RHF.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Right heart failure (RHF) is a syndrome of right ventricular dysfunction.
  • Defining RHF is complex due to the right ventricle's heterogeneity and challenges in characterizing its structure and function.
  • Existing literature presents diverse approaches to defining RHF across various clinical contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of the literature on right heart failure.
  • To synthesize knowledge and extract recommended criteria for defining RHF in different clinical populations.
  • To identify challenges and inconsistencies in the current definitions and diagnostic approaches for RHF.

Main Methods:

  • Searched for reviews, guidelines, and consensus statements on right heart or right ventricular failure in adult populations from the past 10 years.
  • Excluded case reports, duplicates, and studies focused on left-sided heart disease.
  • Extracted patient populations and quantitative criteria for defining RHF based on diagnostic modalities.

Main Results:

  • 71 articles were selected from 9487 initially identified.
  • The majority of reviewed literature used multifaceted diagnostic approaches (clinical, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, therapeutic).
  • Nomenclature for RHF was variable, with only 40% of articles providing a narrative definition.

Conclusions:

  • Consistent criteria and a universal definition for right heart failure are still under development.
  • The heterogeneity of RHF necessitates context-specific diagnostic considerations.
  • Further research is needed to establish standardized diagnostic criteria for RHF.