Pulmonary sequestration causing haemoptysis in an adult

Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital pulmonary anomaly with defining features of a mass of non-functioning pulmonary tissue that does not communicate with the tracheobronchial tree and with systemic blood supply usually directly from the aorta. Owing to its rarity which occurs in approximately 1 in 10 000 to 35 000 live births, as well as its variable symptomology and preponderance in paediatric population, PS is often misdiagnosed or missed with treatment delayed. This case report details a woman in her 20s who presented with haemoptysis and chest tightness. Subsequent imaging revealed a mass-like lesion in the right lower lobe which led to the diagnosis of PS. This case report highlights a rare manifestation of PS with the need for lateral thinking to avoid misdiagnosis and the value of a multidisciplinary approach in managing the condition to prevent adverse outcomes or complications from delayed treatment such as life-threatening haemoptysis and recurrent pneumonia.