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Shortwave cloud warming effect observed over highly reflective Greenland.

Haotian Zhang1, Chuanfeng Zhao2, Jing Li1

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|February 8, 2025
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Over Greenland, certain clouds cause warming, not cooling, by reflecting sunlight. This shortwave cloud warming effect is significant for ice melt and polar energy budgets.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Science
  • Earth Science

Background:

  • Clouds typically cool the Earth by reflecting solar radiation and trapping heat.
  • The Earth's energy budget is significantly influenced by cloud radiative effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the shortwave cloud radiative effect over Greenland.
  • To determine the conditions under which clouds can cause warming instead of cooling.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of satellite-based observations over Greenland from 2013-2022.
  • Calculation of shortwave cloud radiative effect based on surface albedo and top-of-atmosphere reflectivity.
  • Identification of conditions leading to a positive shortwave cloud radiative effect.

Main Results:

  • A shortwave warming effect by clouds was identified over Greenland, contrary to typical cooling.
  • Optically thin clouds and high surface albedo relative to top-of-atmosphere reflectivity are key factors.
  • Warming effects of up to 25 W/m² were observed, concentrated in ice melt regions.

Conclusions:

  • Clouds can induce warming over bright surfaces like Greenland, impacting polar ice melt.
  • Findings challenge conventional understanding of cloud radiative effects in polar regions.
  • Improved climate models are needed to incorporate this shortwave warming phenomenon for accurate energy budget and ice melt predictions.