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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders

Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans
08:29

Symmetric Bihemispheric Postmortem Brain Cutting to Study Healthy and Pathological Brain Conditions in Humans

Published on: December 18, 2016

Doctors, psychiatrists and disease.

M Lavin

    Social Science & Medicine (1982)
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study explores the separation of medical and moral concerns by defining medical practice through disease. It argues that genuine diseases require physical pathology, safeguarding medicine from encroaching on moral domains.

    Area of Science:

    • Philosophy of Medicine
    • Medical Ethics
    • Philosophy of Psychology

    Background:

    • The distinction between medical and moral concerns is often blurred, particularly in psychiatry.
    • Antipsychiatric arguments challenge the validity of purely mental diseases.
    • Existing philosophical analyses may inadequately address these challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To delineate the boundaries between medical and moral concerns within medical practice.
    • To analyze the concept of disease, especially mental disease, and its implications for medical claims.
    • To evaluate philosophical approaches to disease and their impact on the medical-moral divide.

    Main Methods:

    • Characterizing the medical profession based on the concept of disease.
    • Restating and analyzing antipsychiatric arguments.

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  • Critically examining philosophical analyses of disease and pathology requirements.

    • Main Results:

    • Genuine diseases, including mental ones, require underlying physical pathology for medical legitimacy.
    • Philosophical analyses that remove the physical pathology requirement fail to counter antipsychiatric arguments.
    • Failure to uphold the physical pathology requirement risks the annexation of moral concerns by medicine.

    Conclusions:

    • Insisting on physical pathology as a criterion for disease is crucial for maintaining the integrity of medical practice.
    • This approach helps to prevent the overreach of medicine into moral and ethical domains.
    • The definition of disease in psychiatry must be carefully considered to avoid conflating medical and moral judgments.