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Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...

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Upconversion nanoparticle-based optical biosensor for early diagnosis of stroke.

Pragati Kakkar1, Tarun Kakkar2, Padmaja Parameswaran Nampi2

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A novel optical biosensor using upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can detect glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in blood serum, aiding rapid stroke diagnosis. This technology promises faster stroke management in prehospital and emergency settings.

Keywords:
BiosensorGlial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)Stroke biomarkersStroke diagnosisUpconversion nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Stroke affects over 17 million annually, necessitating rapid diagnosis to differentiate ischemic from hemorrhagic types.
  • Current diagnostic methods can be time-consuming, and stroke mimics (e.g., migraine, seizures) complicate early intervention.
  • A simple, rapid blood biomarker test is crucial for efficient prehospital and emergency stroke management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a proof-of-concept optical biosensor for detecting glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a stroke biomarker.
  • To assess the feasibility of using lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) for GFAP detection in human blood serum.
  • To provide a complementary diagnostic tool for rapid stroke identification in emergency settings.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-based optical biosensor platform.
  • Conjugation of UCNPs with antibodies specific to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).
  • Measurement of photoluminescence quenching response to varying GFAP concentrations in human blood serum.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a linear correlation between GFAP concentration and the photoluminescence quenching of UCNP-conjugated antibodies.
  • Successfully detected the potential stroke biomarker GFAP in human blood serum samples.
  • Established a proof-of-concept for a UCNP-based optical biosensor platform for biomarker detection.

Conclusions:

  • The UCNP-based optical biosensor shows promise for rapid GFAP detection, aiding in differentiating stroke from stroke mimics.
  • This technology can be implemented in ambulances and emergency departments for faster stroke diagnosis and treatment.
  • Future integration into self-assessment kits could enable remote monitoring for at-risk patients.