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Published on: November 5, 2014
PA2G4 in health and disease: An underestimated multifunctional regulator
Wenlong Jia1, Gaocheng Wang2, Sheng Sun3
1Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreatic-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Background:
Proliferation-associated protein 2G4 (PA2G4), also known as ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1), is an evolutionarily conserved, ubiquitously expressed, multifunctional factor in health and disease. In recent decades, its role as a sophisticated regulator in a broad range of biological processes has drawn widespread attention from researchers.
Aim Of Review:
We introduce the molecular structure, functional modules, and post-translational modifications of PA2G4. We further elaborate on its role and function in immune microenvironment modulation, cell growth, neural homeostasis and embryonic development. In particular, we summarize its relevance to tumorigenesis and cancer progression and describe its molecular mechanisms in regulating the hallmarks of cancers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive blueprint of PA2G4 functions and to inspire further basic and translational studies.
Key Scientific Concepts Of Review:
Owing to its versatile domains and motifs, PA2G4 regulates a variety of molecular processes, including transcription, translation, proteostasis and epigenetic modulation, suggesting its critical roles in maintaining homeostasis. There are two isoforms of the PA2G4 protein: PA2G4-p42 and PA2G4-p48. While both isoforms regulate cellular activities, they often exert distinct or even contradictory effects. Dysfunction and aberrant expression of PA2G4 isoforms lead to the occurrence and progression of various diseases, indicating their role as predictive markers or therapeutic targets.
Insights
Proliferation-associated protein 2G4 (PA2G4) is a key regulator in biological processes. Its distinct isoforms and functions are crucial for maintaining homeostasis and have implications in disease, offering potential therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cellular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Proliferation-associated protein 2G4 (PA2G4), also known as ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1), is an evolutionarily conserved protein.
- PA2G4 is ubiquitously expressed and functions as a multifaceted regulator in both health and disease.
- Its complex role in diverse biological processes has garnered significant research interest.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detail the molecular structure, functional modules, and post-translational modifications of PA2G4.
- To elaborate on PA2G4's roles in immune modulation, cell growth, neural homeostasis, and embryonic development.
- To summarize PA2G4's relevance in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, including its molecular mechanisms in regulating cancer hallmarks.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on PA2G4.
- Analysis of PA2G4's molecular structure and functional domains.
- Examination of PA2G4's role in various physiological and pathological processes.
Main Results:
- PA2G4 regulates transcription, translation, proteostasis, and epigenetic modification.
- Two isoforms, PA2G4-p42 and PA2G4-p48, exist with distinct or opposing cellular effects.
- PA2G4 dysfunction is linked to disease occurrence and progression.
Conclusions:
- PA2G4 is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis due to its regulatory functions.
- Aberrant expression of PA2G4 isoforms suggests their potential as predictive markers or therapeutic targets.
- This review provides a comprehensive overview of PA2G4 functions to guide future research.
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