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Evaluating ChatGPT o1's Capabilities in Peripheral Nerve Surgery: Advancing Artificial Intelligence in Clinical
Tim Leypold1, Jörg Bahm1, Justus P Beier1
1Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
World Neurosurgery
|February 9, 2025
Summary
Generative AI shows promise in assisting peripheral nerve surgery decision-making. While effective in understanding cases, human expertise remains crucial for refining AI diagnostic and treatment recommendations in this specialized field.
Area of Science:
- Medical Artificial Intelligence
- Neurosurgery
- Clinical Decision Support Systems
Background:
- Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into healthcare to improve clinical decision-making and patient management.
- Peripheral nerve surgery presents complex challenges requiring precise diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the utility of OpenAI's generative AI model (o1) in aiding complex decision-making within peripheral nerve surgery.
- To assess the AI's performance as a virtual medical assistant (Generative Pretrained Transformer-Nerve Surgery [GPT-NS]) in simulated surgical scenarios.
Main Methods:
- GPT-NS was configured using advanced prompt engineering to process 5 simulated peripheral nerve surgery cases.
- The AI assisted in medical history review, diagnostics, and treatment planning, generating case summaries.
- A panel of specialists and residents evaluated GPT-NS performance on a Likert scale across 7 criteria.
Main Results:
- GPT-NS achieved an average performance score of 4.3, excelling in understanding clinical issues and case presentation clarity.
- Areas identified for improvement include diagnostic sequencing and treatment recommendations.
- Human evaluators perceived their own superiority in case handling, though GPT-NS showed potential as a supportive tool.
Conclusions:
- Large language model AI performance is advancing, necessitating expert assessment for safe clinical integration.
- AI holds significant potential for augmenting clinical decision-making in specialized fields like peripheral nerve surgery.
- Further research is needed to refine AI capabilities and integrate them into surgical workflows.
