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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

22.9K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Updated: May 28, 2025

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Polarization-controlled chiral transport.

Hang Zhu1, Jian Wang1, Andrea Alù2,3

  • 1Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.

Light, Science & Applications
|February 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel method for controlling chiral transport using incident polarization diversity. This breakthrough enables reconfigurable on-chip devices with higher information capacity for optical communications and sensing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and optical engineering
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Chiral transport, a handedness-selective phenomenon, is crucial for fundamental research and applications in optical communications and sensing.
  • Current on-chip chiral transport devices are static, lacking the ability to modulate output modes based on input, which restricts functionality and data capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel approach for controlling chiral transport using incident polarization diversity.
  • To enable polarization-dependent chiral transport for reconfigurable on-chip devices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing incident polarization diversity to steer the Hamiltonian evolution path.
  • Designing and engineering double-coupled waveguides to map the evolution paths of TE and TM polarizations.
  • Experimentally demonstrating controllable modal outputs based on polarization.

Main Results:

  • Achieved polarization-dependent chiral transport by controlling Hamiltonian evolution paths.
  • Demonstrated that different polarizations result in distinct, controllable modal outputs.
  • Successfully combined Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) and polarization diversity concepts with chiral transport.

Conclusions:

  • Challenged the notion of fixed modal outputs in chiral transport.
  • Paved the way for developing on-chip reconfigurable and high-capacity handedness-selective devices.
  • Opened new avenues for advanced optical communication and sensing technologies.