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Triglyceride glucose index as a biomarker for heart failure risk in H-type hypertension patients
Zhengwen Xu1, Xisheng Yan1, Dongsheng Li2
1Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Third Hospital & Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
Insights
The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, a marker for insulin resistance, significantly predicts heart failure (HF) risk in patients with H-type hypertension. Higher TyG index values indicate a greater likelihood of developing HF, especially in diabetic individuals.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Hypertension Research
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) is a major global health concern, particularly prevalent in individuals with H-type hypertension, characterized by high blood pressure and elevated homocysteine.
- The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, a validated surrogate marker for insulin resistance, has emerged as a potential predictor of cardiovascular events, but its specific role in HF development within the H-type hypertension population requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index and the incidence of heart failure (HF) in patients diagnosed with H-type hypertension.
- To evaluate the predictive performance of the TyG index for HF risk stratification in this specific patient cohort.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective cohort study involving 1200 patients with H-type hypertension was conducted.
- The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index was calculated using fasting triglyceride and glucose levels.
- Multivariate Cox regression analysis, adjusted for key demographic and lifestyle factors, was employed to assess the impact of the TyG index on HF incidence.
Main Results:
- A total of 254 patients (21.2%) developed heart failure during a median follow-up of 24 months.
- Elevated Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index values were significantly correlated with an increased risk of heart failure (HR 1.45 per unit increase, p < 0.001).
- The association between higher TyG index and HF risk was more pronounced in patients with diabetes mellitus. The TyG index demonstrated good predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.78) with a cut-off of 8.88.
Conclusions:
- The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index serves as a significant independent predictor of heart failure incidence in patients with H-type hypertension.
- The TyG index offers a cost-effective tool for early risk stratification of heart failure in high-risk populations, particularly those with diabetes.
- Routine integration of TyG index assessment into clinical practice may enhance the management and improve outcomes for patients with H-type hypertension.
Abstract:
Heart failure (HF), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is prevalent among individuals with H-type hypertension, which is marked by high blood pressure and elevated homocysteine. The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate for insulin resistance, may predict HF in this group, though its specific role requires clarification. This study explores the TyG index's relationship with HF incidence in H-type hypertension patients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1200 H-type hypertension patients at Wuhan Third Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. The TyG index was determined using fasting triglyceride and glucose levels. We utilized multivariate Cox regression, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and lifestyle, to analyze the TyG index's impact on HF. Of the 1,200 patients studied, 254 (21.2%) developed HF over a median follow-up of 24 months. Higher TyG index values significantly correlated with increased HF risk, with each unit rise boosting HF incidence by 45%. Patients in the highest TyG tertile had a notably higher HF incidence (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.29-1.63, p < 0.001). This association was stronger in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetics. The TyG index showed high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.78) with good sensitivity (70.9%) and specificity (72.3%) at a cut-off of 8.88. Elevated TyG index significantly predicts higher HF risk in H-type hypertension patients, especially among diabetics. Integrating the TyG index into routine evaluations could improve management and outcomes for high-risk individuals, offering an economical early risk stratification tool.
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