The complexities of cell death mechanisms: a new perspective in systemic sclerosis therapy

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Cell Biology
• Pathology

Background:

• Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is a severe autoimmune disease marked by fibrosis, immune dysregulation, and vascular issues.
• Cell death is crucial for tissue homeostasis, involving mechanisms like apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review cell death signaling pathways in systemic sclerosis.
• To examine the links between various cell death mechanisms.
• To discuss the role of dysregulated cell death in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of cell death signaling pathways.
• Analysis of the involvement of cell death dysregulation in systemic sclerosis.
• Evaluation of therapeutic strategies targeting cell death.

Main Results:

• Detailed description of signaling pathways for apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis.
• Identification of connections between these cell death pathways.
• Evidence linking dysregulated cell death to systemic sclerosis development.

Conclusions:

• Dysregulation of cell death pathways is implicated in systemic sclerosis pathogenesis.
• Targeting cell death mechanisms offers potential therapeutic avenues for systemic sclerosis and other autoimmune disorders.