Magnetic Field-Assisted Photocatalysis: Mechanisms, Devices, and Applications

The magnetic field as a "non-contact" external field can instantaneously affect the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers during the photocatalytic reaction. This facilitates the large-scale industrial application of photocatalysis technology. Consequently, the potential for using external magnetic fields to enhance photocatalysis in environmental pollution control and clean energy production has received significant attention. Herein, the principle of the magnetic field acting on photocatalytic reaction is discussed, including spin polarization, the Lorentz force, negative magnetoresistance, and electromotive force. In particular, the typical reaction devices and magnetic field settings involved in current research on magnetic field-assisted photocatalysis are exhibited. Meanwhile, the performance of magnetic field-assisted photocatalysis in specific applications is presented. The efficiency and experimental parameters of catalysts are classified and organized by their specific application fields. It is highlighted to summarize and interpret the mechanisms underlying magnetic field-assisted photocatalysis presented in previous studies, along with the latest validation techniques. Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities are discussed. This review offers valuable insights and guidance for the design and development of innovative magnetic field-assisted photocatalytic systems, thereby accelerating the industrial application of photocatalytic technology.