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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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Cognitive function instrument-based anosognosia to predict amyloid status.

Yuichiro Furuya1, Kenichiro Sato2,3, Yoshiki Niimi3,4

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Anosognosia, or lack of self-awareness in Alzheimer's disease (AD), may predict brain amyloid pathology. Lower self-reported cognitive function scores linked to amyloid PET positivity suggest anosognosia as an early indicator.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Anosognosia, the unawareness of cognitive deficits, is frequently observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Understanding the relationship between anosognosia and underlying AD pathology is crucial for early detection and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and anosognosia.
  • To determine if anosognosia, measured by discrepancies in Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI) scores, can predict the presence of amyloid plaques.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mixed-effects models with data from non-demented participants.
  • Assessed anosognosia by comparing participant self-ratings on the CFI with study partner (SP) ratings.
  • Correlated CFI score discrepancies with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) results.

Main Results:

  • A lower self-reported CFI score compared to SP ratings (indicating anosognosia) was significantly associated with positive amyloid PET results.
  • An increased likelihood of positive amyloid PET was observed for each unit decrease in the ΔCFI score (OR 1.081).

Conclusions:

  • Anosognosia, as identified by CFI score discrepancies, may serve as a potential early predictor of positive amyloid PET status in individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease.
  • These findings highlight the clinical relevance of assessing self-awareness in cognitive decline.