Mycotic Aneurysm Due to Burkholderia pseudomallei: A Case Report From Malaysia

Melioidosis is a potentially life-threatening infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Its clinical manifestations are highly diverse, including pneumonia, abscesses in internal organs, non-healing ulcers, bone and joint infections, and encephalomyelitis. Mycotic aneurysms, a rare but serious complication of melioidosis, arise as sequelae of bacteremia involving the arterial wall. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy and surgical intervention, the mortality rate associated with this complication remains significant. In this report, we present a case of a melioidosis-related mycotic aneurysm of the distal aorta, successfully managed with a combination of targeted antimicrobial therapy and surgical intervention. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating such a rare manifestation of melioidosis.