Multiple Musculotendinous Variations in the Limbs: A Cadaveric Case Report

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Surgical Anatomy
• Clinical Anatomy

Background:

• Muscle and tendon variations are frequently observed but often asymptomatic incidental findings.
• These anatomical variations can significantly influence clinical procedures and surgical outcomes.
• Accessory muscles are particularly noted for their potential role in entrapment neuropathy syndromes.

Observation:

• This case report documents specific muscle and tendon variations discovered during a dissection project.
• Observed variations include an accessory muscle in the proximal right forearm and additional tendinous slips of the abductor pollicis longus in the right wrist.
• Further variations noted were additional tendinous slips of the extensor hallucis longus in the left lower limb.

Findings:

• The study identified an accessory muscle in the flexor forearm and variations in the abductor pollicis longus and extensor hallucis longus tendons.
• These findings represent specific instances of anatomical variations in both upper and lower extremities.
• The variations observed have direct relevance to the anatomical structures and their functions.

Implications:

• Recognizing these anatomical variations is crucial for the successful execution of clinical procedures, particularly tendon transfers.
• Accessory muscles or tendons can complicate or, conversely, facilitate tendon transfer surgeries.
• Awareness of these variations aids surgeons in navigating the anatomical landscape, potentially preventing complications and improving patient outcomes.