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Does Mouthwash Use Affect Oral Cancer Risk? A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ashwini M Madawana1, Mohamad Arif Awang Nawi1, Liszen Tang1
1School of Dental Sciences, Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, MYS.
Cureus
|February 10, 2025
Summary
Long-term, frequent mouthwash use may be linked to increased oral cancer risk. More research is needed on mouthwash ingredients and usage patterns to confirm this association.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Alcohol and tobacco use are established oral cancer risk factors.
- The association between mouthwash use and oral cancer (OC) remains debated.
- Understanding potential OC risks from mouthwash is crucial for public health guidance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between mouthwash usage and the risk of developing oral cancer.
- To synthesize existing evidence on mouthwash use and oral cancer incidence.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines.
- Searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science for observational studies.
- Included 15 case-control studies (6,515 cases, 17,037 controls) using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality assessment.
Main Results:
- No significant increase in oral cancer risk was found for mouthwash use of three or more times daily (OR=1.00).
- A potential increased risk was observed for users with over 40 years of mouthwash use (OR=1.30), though based on limited studies.
- Limited data exists on the impact of mouthwash frequency, duration, and specific ingredients.
Conclusions:
- Current evidence does not strongly link frequent mouthwash use to oral cancer.
- Prolonged mouthwash use (over 40 years) warrants further investigation due to a possible association.
- Future research should focus on dose-response effects, including frequency, duration, and specific mouthwash formulations.
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