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Clostridium perfringens Sepsis Complicated by Hepatic Abscess Following Intensive Chemotherapy in Mixed-Phenotype

Pedro Baptista1, Marta Henriques1, Mariana Miranda2

  • 1Department of Clinical Hematology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT.

Cureus
|February 10, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Clostridium perfringens sepsis is a rare but severe complication in acute leukemia patients with neutropenia. Early recognition of gaseous liver abscess and hemolysis is crucial for prompt treatment and improved outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Febrile neutropenia is a common complication in acute leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy.
  • Clostridium perfringens is an uncommon but highly virulent pathogen in this patient population.

Observation:

  • A case of mixed-phenotype acute leukemia presented with Clostridium perfringens sepsis.
  • The patient exhibited a gaseous liver abscess and toxin-associated intravascular hemolysis.

Findings:

  • Clostridium perfringens sepsis can manifest with unique clinical signs in immunocompromised hosts.
  • The combination of gaseous liver abscess and intravascular hemolysis suggests a specific clostridial infection.

Implications:

  • Early identification of these distinctive clinical features is vital for timely intervention.
  • Prompt treatment can mitigate the aggressive progression and high mortality associated with C. perfringens sepsis in neutropenic leukemia patients.
Keywords:
clostridium perfringensfebrile neutropeniahepatic abscessmixed-phenotype acute leukemiasevere sepsis

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