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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2025

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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The counting principle makes number words unique.

Mira Ariel1, Natalia Levshina2,3

  • 1Department of Linguistics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory
|February 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Number words and open-class words differ in how they are modified. Number words are precise and can be broadened, unlike open-class words which use selectors.

Keywords:
distributional semanticslexical domainsnumeralsnumeric expressionsprototypesword2vec

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Semantics

Background:

  • Open-class lexical items are modified by selectors, narrowing their meaning (e.g., 'kinda table').
  • Number words possess precise denotations and cannot take selectors, but can be broadened (e.g., 'approximately seven').

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct distributional patterns of number words versus open-class lexical items.
  • To propose a framework distinguishing sparse (open-class) and dense (number) lexical domains based on distributional properties.

Main Methods:

  • Empirical analysis of number word modification in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and Hebrew (HeTenTen).
  • Computational linguistic analysis using synchronic word2vec models to compare sparse and dense lexemes.
  • Examination of numeral usage in non-counting communities and lexical renewal rates.

Main Results:

  • Number words exhibit different modification patterns than open-class words, supporting their distinct lexical domain classification.
  • Sparse and dense lexical domains show differential distributions in word2vec models.
  • Numeral use and renewal rates further differentiate sparse and dense lexical types.

Conclusions:

  • Number words and open-class words belong to distinct lexical domains (dense vs. sparse) due to differences in prototypicality and modification patterns.
  • The proposed sparse/dense distinction provides a robust framework for understanding lexical semantics and distribution.
  • Findings contribute to theories of lexical categorization and semantic change.