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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Nutrition
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Trace Element Metabolism

Background:

  • Trace elements are essential micronutrients crucial for numerous physiological processes.
  • Critically ill patients face altered trace element homeostasis due to disease and medical interventions.
  • Imbalances in trace elements can lead to significant organ dysfunction and adverse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the normal handling of trace elements.
  • To examine how trace element metabolism is impaired in critically ill patients.
  • To discuss the clinical implications of abnormal trace element status and the role of supplementation.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review.
  • Literature search on trace element physiology and critical illness.
  • Synthesis of current evidence on trace element supplementation in critical care.

Main Results:

  • Critically ill patients exhibit altered trace element intake, absorption, metabolism, and excretion.
  • Deficiency or excess of trace elements can precipitate or worsen conditions like cardiomyopathy and impaired glucose tolerance.
  • Evidence for the benefit of trace element supplementation in specific critical illnesses is discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal trace element status is a significant concern in critically ill patients.
  • Understanding trace element dysregulation is key to managing critically ill patients.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the role of supplementation in critical care settings.