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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Long non-coding RNA transcripts in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-host interactions.

Mahalakshmi Vijayaraghavan1, Shrikanth S Gadad1,2,3, Subramanian Dhandayuthapani4,2

  • 1Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, Texas-79905, USA.

Non-Coding RNA Research
|February 10, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in tuberculosis pathogenesis. Understanding lncRNA roles in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection offers new insights into host-pathogen interactions and potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Host-mtb interactionsImmune responseMacrophagesMycobacterium tuberculosisSurvival strategieslncRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge with persistent morbidity and mortality.
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogen that evades host immune defenses.
  • New diagnostics and therapeutics for TB are urgently needed, requiring a deeper understanding of Mtb pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the recent literature on the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in TB pathogenesis.
  • To explore how lncRNAs impact Mtb-host interactions.
  • To highlight the potential of lncRNAs in developing novel TB control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on lncRNAs in TB.
  • Analysis of lncRNA regulation in Mtb-infected cells and TB patient tissues.
  • Examination of lncRNA functions in modulating host immune responses like apoptosis and autophagy.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are differentially regulated in TB.
  • Dysregulated lncRNAs play critical roles in host immune responses, apoptosis, and autophagy.
  • lncRNAs influence Mtb pathogenesis by modulating host cell functions.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are emerging as crucial players in TB pathogenesis.
  • Studying lncRNAs provides valuable insights into Mtb-host interactions.
  • lncRNAs represent potential targets for novel TB diagnostics and therapeutics.