Navigating monkeypox: identifying risks and implementing solutions

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the *orthopox* virus, a member of the *Poxviridae* family.
• It presents with symptoms similar to smallpox, including fever, muscle aches, and a characteristic rash.
• Transmission occurs through close contact with infected animals or humans via bodily fluids and skin lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the etiology, pathogenesis, transmission, risk factors, and control of monkeypox.
• To provide a comprehensive understanding of this emerging zoonotic disease.
• To highlight public health concerns related to its communicability.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research on monkeypox.
• Analysis of epidemiological data and contributing factors to outbreaks.
• Examination of diagnostic methods and therapeutic/preventive strategies.

Main Results:

• Monkeypox outbreaks are linked to factors like smallpox vaccine discontinuation, consumption of infected animal products, and high population density.
• Diagnosis is confirmed via PCR testing of skin lesion samples.
• While no specific antiviral therapy exists, supportive care manages symptoms, and vaccines like LC16, JYNNEOS, and ACAM2000 offer prevention.

Conclusions:

• The increasing frequency and human-to-human transmissibility of monkeypox raise significant public health concerns.
• Continued research is vital for a deeper understanding and effective management of this zoonotic viral disease.
• Vaccination and public health measures are key to controlling the spread and preventing potential pandemics.